What is an EORI Number & How to Get It in Latvia? Your Guide

International trade is a dynamic and ever-changing process that offers immense opportunities for businesses to expand their operations and reach new markets. However, to realize these opportunities, it's essential to navigate the various customs procedures and regulations. One such requirement, faced by almost everyone involved in the movement of goods between the European Union (EU) and third countries, is the EORI number.

At Unicore.lv, with over 20 years of experience in the freight forwarding industry, we have helped thousands of clients successfully navigate the labyrinth of logistics and customs formalities. Our goal is to make your international trade as smooth and efficient as possible. In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide to the EORI number – what it is, who needs it, and how to obtain it in Latvia.

What is an EORI Number?

EORI stands for Economic Operators Registration and Identification. It is a unique identification number assigned by customs authorities to economic operators (businesses and, in certain cases, individuals) involved in customs activities throughout the European Union. It's similar to a personal identification code or a company registration number, but with a specific application solely for customs purposes.

The primary purpose of the EORI number is to ensure a unified and efficient identification of economic operators across the EU. It facilitates customs procedures, helps improve security, and combats fraud. Without a valid EORI number, you will not be able to submit customs declarations or engage in other customs activities with third countries (countries that are not EU member states).

In Latvia, an EORI number consists of the country code LV, followed by the company's VAT registration number (e.g., LV12345678901). This means that for most Latvian companies that are VAT payers, an EORI number is already automatically assigned, and they can use it without further application.

Who Needs an EORI Number in Latvia?

An EORI number is mandatory for all economic operators engaged in trade with countries outside the customs territory of the European Union. This applies to goods entering the EU as well as those leaving the EU. Here is a more detailed look at who needs it:

• Businesses: All businesses registered in Latvia that conduct import or export activities with third countries. This includes large international corporations as well as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that, for example, import raw materials or export their products. Regardless of whether you are engaged in Sea Freight Services, air, road, or rail cargo transport, an EORI number is required if the shipment crosses the EU border.
• Private individuals (in specific cases): Although the EORI number primarily applies to businesses, it may also be required for private individuals if they regularly conduct commercial activities with third countries, such as repeatedly importing goods for sale or exporting goods in large volumes. Typically, if shipments are infrequent and intended for personal use, an EORI number is not required.
• Non-EU registered operators: If your business is registered outside the EU but wishes to carry out customs activities within the EU, you will need to apply for an EORI number in one of the EU member states where the first customs operation is intended to take place. In such cases, Unicore.lv can provide advice and support to ensure all formalities are handled correctly.

Important to remember: An EORI number is not required for trade between EU member states (intra-EU trade). It is exclusively for dealings with third countries.

When Do You Need an EORI Number?

An EORI number is your key to smooth customs procedures. It is required whenever you or someone on your behalf carries out the following activities:

• Submitting customs declarations: You must indicate your EORI number when submitting import, export, or transit declarations to customs authorities. Without it, your declaration will be rejected, leading to delays and additional costs.
• Applying for customs authorizations or decisions: If you wish to apply for various customs authorizations (e.g., simplified procedures, deferred payment arrangements, binding information on tariff classification or origin), you will need an EORI number.
• Exchanging information with customs authorities: In any communication with customs authorities related to your commercial activity, your EORI number will serve as your official identifier.
• Participating in customs auctions: If you plan to purchase goods at customs auctions held after customs procedure violations, you will need an EORI number.

Imagine you have sent goods from Latvia to the USA using Sea Freight Services. For the shipment to cross the EU border and be processed under the export customs procedure, you, as the exporter, will need to provide your EORI number in the export declaration. Similarly, if goods are imported into Latvia from China, the importer will need to present an EORI number in the import declaration. If the EORI number is not provided or is incorrect, the shipment may be detained at customs, incurring additional costs and delivery delays.

To ensure your shipments always move without a hitch, it's also important to understand other international trade rules, such as the Incoterms 2020 Guide, which defines the responsibilities and costs of parties in the delivery process.

How to Get an EORI Number in Latvia?

In Latvia, obtaining an EORI number is a relatively straightforward process, especially if you are a VAT payer. The State Revenue Service (VID) is the responsible authority for assigning and administering EORI numbers.

For businesses that are VAT payers:

For most Latvian businesses registered as VAT payers, an EORI number is assigned automatically when they are registered in the VAT payer register. Your EORI number is your legal entity's registration number preceded by the country code LV (e.g., LV12345678901). You do not need to apply separately, and you can start using it immediately. You can check your company's EORI status using the EU Commission's EORI validation system.

For businesses not registered for VAT and private individuals with commercial activities:

If your business is not registered as a VAT payer, or if you are a private individual conducting commercial activities with third countries and require an EORI number, you will need to apply for it at the State Revenue Service (VID).

Step-by-step application process:

1. Access EDS: You will need access to the VID Electronic Declaration System (EDS). This is usually done using internet banking or an eID card. 2. Fill out the application: In the EDS system, you need to find the application form for EORI number assignment. The form is usually available under the section Sample Forms and Submissions or Customs Documents. 3. Provide necessary information: You will need to provide basic information about the person or company, such as: * Company name/first name, last name * Registration number/personal identification code * Legal address/declared place of residence * Contact information (email, phone) * Information about planned customs activities (e.g., type of import/export). 4. Attach documents (if necessary): Although the necessary data for VAT payers is usually already in the system, non-VAT payers or private individuals may need to attach a copy of their registration certificate or other identity documents. 5. Submit the application: After filling in all fields and attaching documents, submit the application electronically through EDS.

Processing time: The assignment of an EORI number usually happens relatively quickly after submitting the application, often within a few business days. However, we recommend applying in advance to avoid any rush or potential delays when planning your international shipments. The EORI number is assigned free of charge.

Checking an EORI number: You can verify the validity and status of any company's EORI number on the European Commission's official EORI validation system (searchable with keywords EORI validation EU Commission). This is useful for confirming the EORI numbers of partners or clients.

Common Mistakes and Tips

While the process of obtaining an EORI number is relatively simple, there are still common mistakes that can lead to unnecessary problems and delays. Here are some tips to avoid them:

• Don't take it for granted: Not all businesses engaged in international trade are automatically registered in the EORI system. Make sure your business has an EORI number before embarking on any customs activities.
• Apply in advance: Don't wait until the last minute. Apply for an EORI number well in advance of your first customs declaration to ensure you have it when needed.
• Check for accuracy: Double-check all information you provide in the application. Errors can lead to rejection or additional processing time.
• Understand your role: Remember that as an importer or exporter, you have a legal responsibility for proper customs clearance, and an EORI number is an integral part of that responsibility.
• Partner with experienced professionals: If you are unsure about EORI number requirements or other customs formalities, do not hesitate to seek help. Experienced freight forwarders, such as Unicore.lv, can provide valuable advice and assistance to ensure your shipments move smoothly.

Unicore.lv — Background and Credentials

Unicore Overseas SIA was founded on 13 December 2005 — over 20 years in operation as of 2026. We hold IATA CASS accreditation, IATA DGR certification for dangerous goods by air, ADR for road, and IMDG for sea, and we are members of Marco Polo Line and Lognet Global with vetted partners in 110+ countries. In Shipzy.ai's March 2026 independent benchmark, Unicore was rated #1 freight forwarder in Latvia at 81/100 overall with 95/100 quote quality and a 35-minute average RFQ response time. Our service coverage spans sea freight, air freight, road, and rail.

For EORI applications and customs declarations specifically, our customs specialists prepare EX1 / SAD declarations via the Latvian VID Electronic Declaration System (EMDAS) and screen every export against the EU dual-use Annex I list and EU sanctions lists before booking. AEO-status forwarder handling typically produces faster customs clearance windows (2–6 hours green-channel) than non-AEO operators.

Conclusion

The EORI number is not just another bureaucratic requirement; it is an essential tool that ensures the efficiency and security of the European Union's customs system. Understanding what it is, who needs it, and how to obtain it in Latvia is fundamental to successful international trade.

We hope this guide has provided you with clarity and confidence regarding the EORI number process. If you have any further questions or need assistance with your freight forwarding and customs formalities, we invite you to Get a Free Quote from our experts today. We are here to help your business thrive in the international arena!